| Humanities |
Exam type:
CLEP: 140 multiple choice questions in 90 minutes.
Typical credits: 6 units
The Humanities exam is one of five General Examinations. It is very broad in scope, divided equally into Fine Arts and Literature, covering periods from antiquity to postrmodern times. It is similar to a one year survey course taught at many colleges. It can be a real challenge as you have to answer 140 questions in 90 minutes. It tests not only facts but also understanding and interpretation of works of art and literature.NOTE: There is no on-line course that appears to relate directly to the CLEP Exam. I have drawn from several courses and exhibits that seem to reflect the content required on the CLEP. Featured faculty and their home pages can be found at the end of this page.
(I didn't promise you a rose garden. See disclaimer.) The topics in bold face are those The College Board indicates will be found on the exams. The percentages given after the main topic headings are only approximate. Always contact The College Board for the latest information. (Click on description.)
Fine Arts 50% Visual arts (painting, sculpture, etc.) 20% Music 15% Performing Arts (film, dance, etc.) 10% Architecture 5%
Literature 50% Drama 10% Poetry 15-20% Fiction 10-15% Nonfiction (including philosophy) 10% In addition the questions in the exam are drawn from the following periods, with about the same number of questions from each period.
Periods
- Classical
- Medieval and Rennaisance
- 17th & 18th Centuries
- 19th Century
- 20th Century
The bulk of the questions relate to the Western Tradition - primarily Western Europe and the United States - with a smattering of Latin America. Russia (Soviet Union), Asia and Africa.
Textbook
You will also want to pick up a basic Humanities textbook. There are a variety of paperback text books -- (I have often found these used at thrift shops and used book stores).Sample Exams
Samples of the Humanities exam can be found in books on the CLEP from such publishers as Arco, Barrons, and REA as part of a collection of all five CLEP general exams.
Getting Started
Here is one way that you can begin. (If you haven't read a general step-by-step guide, this might be a good time. See also How to Budget Your Time)
Access to a good encyclopedia is a must: whether in book form, CD-ROM or online. You will gain familiarity with an overview of the course material and an introduction to concepts, key individuals and vocabularly specific to the Humanities.
Encyclopedia Links
Columbia Encyclopedia
Entries tend to be short, but this is a useful, concise encyclopedia.
Encyclopedia Britannica
Full text plus multimedia. Free trial (be prepared with a list of the topics you want to look upo in order to budget you time to take full advantage of this free trial.) Low monthly rates and you can subscribe on a month-to-month basis.
Microsoft's Encarta
Essentially Funk and Wagnalls text plus additional articles and multimedia. Concise version is free but cluttered with appeals for you to subscribe to the full version Following are enclyclopedia topic headings that you should definitely look up before you begin using other materials. Also follow major cross references.
- Art
- Painting
- Sculpture
- Aesthetics
- Architecture
- Greek Art and Archittecture
- Roman Art and Archittecture
- Early Christian Art and Archittecture
- Gothic Art and Archittecture
- Romanesque Art and Archittecture
- Rennaisance Art and Archittecture
- Neoclassical Art and Archittecture
- Latin American Art and Archittecture
- Elizabethan Style
- Music
- Sonata
- Concerto
- Symphony
- Opera
- Dance
- Ballet
- Modern Dance
- Literature
- Novel
- Essay
- Short Story
- Poetry and Versification
- Drama
- Criticism, Literary
- The Literature headings under individual countries
- Greek Literature
- Roman Literature
- English Literature
- French Literature
- German Literature
- Spanish Literature
- Italian Literature
- Russian Literature
- Latin American Literature
- American Literature
See also the Free University Project Study Guide for theAmerican Literature CLEP exam.- Motion Pictures
- Photography
- Philosophy
You will also want to look up encyclopedia entries of the key periods:
- Classics - to 509 B.C.
- Greek Religion and Mythology
- Roman - 509 B.C - 330. A.D.
- Roman Mythology
- Early Christianity - 30 A.D. - 500 A.D.
- Middle Ages - 500 - 1500
- Plague
- Gothic - 1140 - 1600
- Rennaisance - 1400-1600
- Humanism
- Reformation - 16th Century
- Counter Reformation
- Baroque - 1600 - 1750
- Romantic - 1750 - 1870
- Realism - mid 19th Century
- Impressionism - late 19th Century
- Victorian - late 19th Century
- Moderism - early 20th Century
- Surrealism - early 20th Century
- Existentialism
- Postmodernism
Note: The entries in the encyclopedia are generally in chronological order. The organization of textbooks, howecer are by period across subject lines (eg. Rennaisance art, music, literature). Lectures and other resources online may be either. In the entries in the Study Guide below we have tried to provide a combination (hopefully with some success).
Using the Free University Project Study Guide
A) Read the Introductory Material suggested in the Study Guide.
B) Read the material in the first two or three topics in the Study Guide. In order to stay focussed, only follow those links within the lectures and outlines that seem to be directly related to the subject matter at hand. Take your own notes. If you print out the material, highlight key definitions and concepts for review. Add your own marginal notes.
C) Read corresponding material in a textbook of your choice.
D) Read the next two or three topics as you did in B)
E) Take any on-line quizzes.
Repeat the cycle. Periodically take time to review; do suggested exercises; take a practice CLEP exam and review areas of weakness.
Remember to keep your journal up to date.
Each student brings some prior knowledge of one or more of the subjects covered in the exam. The Study Guide utilizes several sources whose content overlaps. In order to conserve time you can probably skim those portions where you already have some background and focus more attention on the areas where you do not. Then, after taking one or two sample exams, you can go back to those areas where you are weak and go into greater depth.
A Glossary of World Cultures (Hooker) This is not a comprehensive glossary, nut it goes beyondbeing an expanded dictionary. It does contain an elaboration on several major themes and should be reviewed..
Glossary of Art (Web Museum) Good overview of each major period
World Cultures Atlases
The following are from WORLD CULTURES, an on-line research textbook of world cultures and history from Washington State University.
The following are excerpts from Art History: A Preliminary Handbook by Robert J. Belton, Department of Fine Arts, Okenagan University College
- What is Culture? (Law and Miraglia) -- Temporarily unavailable.
- What is Language? (Hooker) Some internal links may be broken.
- What is Architecture?, (Hooker) Click on Contents
- What is Science?, (Hooker) Click on Contents.
Also see:
- Why Study Visual Culture? (Belton)
- What Is Art? (Belton)
- The Elements of Art (Form, Content, Context) (Belton)
Who Owns the Past
Exploring Ancient World Cultures
The Earliest Traditions
- The Long Foreground: Human Prehistory (Law -- click on Learning Modules)
- Prehistory Page (Mautz)
- The Agricultural Revolution (Law -- click on Learning Modules)
Mesopotamia
- Mesopotamia (Hooker) Click on Contents
- Mesopotamia (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- TheCode of Hammurabi, extracts (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- World Literature - Ancient Literature (LitWeb - Bailey)
- Mesopotamia Page (Mautz)
Egypt
- Ancient Egypt (Hooker)
- Egypt (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- Egypt Page (Mautz)
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Judaism
- The Hebrews (Hooker) Click on Contents.
- Hebrews, Judea, Israel (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- The Hebrew Bible (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The Hebrew Creation Narrative (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The Law: Exodus 20-21:27, 22:16-23:9 (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Passover (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The Shema (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Four proverbs (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Psalms 19, 137 (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Song of the Suffering Servant: Isaiah 42:1-9 (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Unit 1: Prehistory and Near Eastern Civilizations (Bogard -- no longer available)
- Unit 2: Aegean Civilization (Bogard -- no longer available)
Africa
- Civilizations in Africa (Hooker) Click on Contents
Greece
- Bureaucrats and Barbarians: Minoans, Myceneans, and the Greek Dark Ages (Hooker)
- Ancient Greece (Hooker)
- Greece (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- The Greek World (The Western Canon - Barnette -- no longer available)
- Greece Page (Mautz)
Epic Poets
Extensive notes fromIntroduction to Latin Epics (also includes Homer and Appolonius).
- Herodotus: The Histories: Xerxes at theHellespont (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Socrates' Defense, from Plato's Apology (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Plato: The Allegory of the Cave (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Pericles' Funeral Oration (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The First Delphic Hymn (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
Unit 3: Classical Greek Civilization: The Hellenic Age (Bogard -- no longer available) Unit 4: Classical Greek Civilization: The Hellenistic Age (Bogard -- no longer available) Reference
The Perseus Project From Tufts University - "an evolving digital library of resources for the study of the ancient world and beyond."
Rome
- Rome (Hooker) Click on Contents
- Rome (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- Unit 5: The Roman Civilization (Bogard -- no longer available)
- The Roman World (Western Canon - Barnette -- no longer available)
- Rome Page (Mautz)
- Horace: We All Must Die (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Juvenal: On the City of Rome (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Marcus Aurelius Antoninus: The Meditations (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Unit 6: Judaism and the Rise of Christianity (Bogard -- no longer available)
Early Chritianity
- Early Christianity (Hooker) Click on Contents
- Unit 7: Late Roman Civilization: The Last Days of the Roman Empire (Bogard -- no longer available)
- Early Christianity (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- The Christian Scriptures (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Background from the Jewish Bible (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- On Forgiveness, Sermon on the Mount (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The Beatitudes (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The Golden Rule (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Salvation and Damnation linked to Deeds (Matthew 7:13-23) (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The Ascetic ideal (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Paul on Salvation by Faith (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Paul on Marriage vs. Celibacy (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The Last Judgment (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Tacitus: Nero's persecution of the Christians (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The Apostles' Creed (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- St. Augustine
- The Changeable and the Permanent (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The Problem of Evil (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- The Two Cities (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Unit 8: The Successors of Rome: Byzantium, Islam and the Early Medieval West (Bogard -- no longer available)
- Byzantine and Islamic Page (Mautz)
Other Cultures
China
Japan
- Confucius: Analects (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Ta-Hsüeh: The Great Learning (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
The Islamic World
- Japanese Creation Myth (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Anonymous: In the Autumn Fields (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Sa'di: Story from the Gulistan (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
Middle Ages
- The Middle Ages (Hooker) Click on Contents
- Unit 9: The High Middle Ages: The Christian Centuries Feudalism (Bogard -- no longer available)
- Unit 10: The Late Middle Age: 1300-1500 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- The Middle Ages (Western Canon - Barnette -- no longer available)
- European Middle Ages (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- Medieval Page (Mautz)
Islam
The European Middle Ages
- World Literature - Medieval Literature (LitWeb - Bailey)
- Anna Comnena: The Alexiad (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- British Literature - Medieval Period (LitWeb - Bailey)
REVIEW
- Gothic Painting (1280-1515) (Web Museum)
- International Gothic Style (Web Museum)
- Innovation in the North (Web Museum)
- Late Gothic Painting (Web Museum)
Who Owns the Past? Bob Cape, Austin College
Take a Poetry Break
Welcome to English 101: Introduction to Poetry and follow major links.
Renaissance
- Renaissance (Hooker) Click on Contents
- Italian Renaissance (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- Unit 11: The Early Renaissance Return to Classical Roots: 1400-1494 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- The Renaissance (Western Canon - Barnette -- no longer available)
- Renaissance (Mautz)
The Southern European Renaissance
Reference
- Pico della Mirandola: Oration on the Dignity of Man (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Petrarch: A young lady beneath a green laurel (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Angelo Poliziano: Lament on the Death of Lorenzo di Medici (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Leonardo da Vinci: The Painter (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Giorgio Vasari: Michelangelo's David (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
- Niccolò Machiavelli: The Prince: (Reading ..., Vol 1 Brians, et.al.)
The Decameron Web a very comprehensive site, including texts, from Brown University.
- Unit 12: The High Renaissance and Early Mannerism: 1494-1564 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- The Italian Renaissance (1420-1600) (Web Museum)
- The Early Renaissance (Web Museum)
- The High Renaissance (Web Museum)
- The Northern Renaissance (1500-1615) (Web Museum)
- World Literature - Renaissance (LitWeb -Bailey)
- François Rabelais: From Gargantua and Pantagruel (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Desiderius Erasmus: get something? Or go with LitWeb?
- Miguel de Cervantes: Don Quixote: Don Quixote vs. the Windmills (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Shakespeare Links from The Shekespeare Ensemble at MIT
- William Shakespeare: Sonnets (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- William Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet, The Balcony Scene (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
British Literature - Renaissance (LitWeb - Bailey) REVIEW
The Renaissance and Its Legacy (Bacig)
Africa 1500-1750
- Leo Africanus: Description of Timbuktu (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Richard Eden: Decades of the New World (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
The Middle East
- The Young Woman and Her Five Suitors from the Thousand and One Nights (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
Reformation
- Discovery and Reformation (Hooker) Click on Contents
- European Reformation (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- Unit 13: The Religious Reformation, Northern Humanism, and Late Mannerism: 1500-1603 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- William Marshall: Draft of a Poor Law (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Statement of the Levellers (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Exploration (Mautz)
Baroque
- The Baroque (Western Canon - Barnette -- no longer available)
- Unit 14: The Baroque Age: Glamour and Grandiosity: 1600-1715 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- Unit 15: The Baroque Age II: Revolutions in Scientific and Political Thought: 1600-1715 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- Baroque (Mautz)
- Baroque (Web Museum)
(1600-1790)
Enlightenment
- The European Enlightenment (Hooker) Click on Contents
- European Enlightenment (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- World Literature - Enlightenment (LitWeb - Bailey)
- The Classical (Western Canon - Barnette -- no longer available)
- Enlightenment (Mautz)
- René Descartes: Discourse on Method (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Jean Le Rond d'Alembert: Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Voltaire: A Treatise on Toleration
(Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: The Social Contract (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- American Literature I (LitWeb - Bailey)
- British Literature - Restoration /18thCentury (LitWeb - Bailey)
Revolution
- Revolution (Hooker) Click on Contents
- Declaration of the Rights of Man (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- G. W. F. Hegel: Introduction to the Lectures on the Philosophy of History (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- John Stuart Mill: On Liberty (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Revolution and Restoration (Web Museum)
(1740-1860)- France (Web Museum)
- Germany (Web Museum)
- England (Web Museum)
- Other Countries (Web Museum)
- Unit 16: The Age of Reason: 1700-1789 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- Unit 17: Revolution, Reaction, and Cultural Response: 1760-1830 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- John Smith: The Proceedings of the English Colony in Virginia (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- The Bill of Rights (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Revolutions (Mautz)
REVIEW
Revolutionary Change and the Humanities (Bacig)
The Romantic
- The Romantic (Western Canon - Barnette -- no longer available)
- World Literature - Romantic Literature (LitWeb - Bailey)
- British Literature - Romantic Period (LitWeb - Bailey)
- William Wordsworth: The World Is Too Much with Us (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Kubla Khan* (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Emile Zola: Germinal (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: The Communist Manifesto (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Friedrich Nietzsche:
- Unit 18: The Triumph of the Bourgeoisie: 1830-1871 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- Charles Darwin: The Origin of Species (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Rudyard Kipling: The White Man's Burden (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Beethoven: Symphony no. 9 (Brians)
- Verdi: La Traviata (Brians)
- The Enlightenment (Brians)
- Voltaire: The Philosophical Dictionary (Brians)
- Romanticism (Brians)
- Goethe: Faust (Brians)
- Realism & Naturalism (Brians)
- Zola: Germinal (Brians)
Victorian
- British Literature - Victorian Period (LitWeb - Bailey)
- Industry (Mautz)
Review
Utopian Visions (Bacig)
The Idea of America (Hooker) Click on Contents The Idea of America (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
American Literature II (LitWeb - Bailey)
- Thomas Paine: Profession of Faith (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Abraham Lincoln: Second Inaugural Address (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Mark Twain: An American's View of Europe (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Henry David Thoreau: Civil Disobedience (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Ralph Waldo Emerson: Self-Reliance (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Walt Whitman: From Song of Myself (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Emily Dickinson (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Kate Chopin: The Story of an Hour (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
The American Nation, (Hooker) Click on Contents The American Nation (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- T. S.Eliot: Preludes (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- T. S. Eliot:The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)*
- Robert Frost: After Apple-Picking (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)*
- The Road Not Taken (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- H. D. (Hilda Doolittle): Sea Poppies (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- Claude McKay: If We Must Die (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
Modern
- European Modernity (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
- Impressionism (Web Museum)
(1860-1900)
- Unit 19: The Age of Early Modernism: 1871-1914 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- 19th-Century Russian Literature (Brians)
- Dostoyevsky: Notes from Underground (Brians)
- The Influence of Nietzsche (Brians)
- Nietzsche: Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Brians)
- Introduction to 19th-Century Socialism (Brians)
- Misconceptions, Confusions, and Conflicts Concerning Socialism, Communism, and Capitalism (Brians)
- Marx and Engels: The Communist Manifesto (Brians)
- Unit 20: The Age of the Masses and the Zenith of Modernism: 1914-1945 (Bogard -- no longer available)
- The 20th century (Web Museum)
- Fauvism (Web Museum)
- Matisse, Master of Color (Web Museum)
- Expressionism (Web Museum)
- Artistic Emigres (Web Museum)
- Picasso and Cubism (Web Museum)
- The Age of Machinery (Web Museum)
- Towards Abstraction (Web Museum)
- Paul Klee (Web Museum)
- The Modern (Western Canon - Barnette -- no longer available)
- World Literature - Modern Literature (LitWeb - Bailey)
- Sigmund Freud: The Interpretation of Dreams (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- V. I. Lenin: What Is to Be Done? (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- The Balfour Declaration (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- John McCrae: In Flanders Fields (Reading ..., Vol 2 Brians, et.al.)
- British Literature - Modern Period (LitWeb - Bailey)
- Pure Abstraction (Web Museum)
- Art of the Fantastic (Web Museum)
- Pre-War American Painting (Web Museum)
- Modern (Mautz)
REVIEW
Outline of the English Novel: The Short List (LitWeb - Bailey)18th and 19th Century European Classics (Humanities 303) (Brians)
Africa and the African Diaspora (reader- World Cultures- Hooker)
Postmodern
- Unit 21: The Age of Anxiety and Beyond: 1945- (Bogard -- no longer available)
- Abstract Expressionism (Web Museum)
- Pop Art (Web Museum)
- Popular Culture in the 1960s (Bacig)
- Cultures in America (Hooker) Click on Contents
- Recent (Mautz)
The Postmodern (Western Canon - Barnette -- no longer available)
Other Cultures
You might want to skim references to other cultures -- though most of this material will probably not be covered on the exam.
A separate page has been set up: Other Cultures
Museums
The Louvre - paintings
Click on each thumb-nail illustration for an enlarged view and a note about the painting and the artist.--- more to come ---
Drama
Theater History Lecture Notes
Architecture
Basics
Poetry
For an introductory series of short lectures, including How to Read a Poem go toAndrew Cantrell's Poetry Course . Click on Reference Material See the
Poetry Page at Mike Jackman's Introduction to creative writing site. Click on Introduction to Poetry See also the section on
Poetic Tools in the University of Victoria Writer's Guide. The
Atlantic Unbound archives link to a special poetry section.
Learning Skills
Internet Resources on World Cultures
Links to faculty home pages
NOTE: Please don't bug the professors. They have been generous enough just by taking
the time and effort to put their material on the Web. And please don't e-mail responses to their
tests. Such responses are limited to students actually enrolled in the class.
SAC LitWeb By Roger Blackwell
Bailey, Ph.D.
The Artist's View of World History and
Western Civilization (Nancy B. Mautz)
Internet Resources
[Computer Center] [Student Union] [Outside Resources]